Water has a __________ T1 relaxation time and a ________ T2 relaxation time.

Water is known to have a long T1 relaxation time and a long T2 relaxation time. T1, also referred to as the longitudinal relaxation time, represents the time it takes for protons in a magnetic field to return to their equilibrium state after being disturbed by a radiofrequency pulse. For water, which has a high content of hydrogen and a relatively low molecular weight, the T1 is notably extended due to its large number of protons and the slow molecular motion in tissues containing significant amounts of free water.

T2, known as the transverse relaxation time, indicates how quickly the spin of protons dephases due to interactions among them. Water maintains a long T2 relaxation time as well because of its high coherence and the relatively low collision rate among water molecules, allowing them to remain in phase longer than in tissues with fewer free protons or more rapid molecular interactions.

Thus, in imaging contexts like MRI, water's long T1 and T2 times contribute to its brightness on T1-weighted and T2-weighted images, making it an essential reference point for understanding relaxation times in various tissues and signaling during MRI procedures.