A disadvantage of TOF MRA is high signal in some background tissues. To minimize signal from background tissues, TE should be selected that enables the signals from fat and water to be:

When considering Time-of-Flight (TOF) Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA), one key disadvantage is the potential for high signal intensity from background tissues, which can obscure the visualization of blood vessels. To effectively minimize this background signal, the choice of echo time (TE) is crucial.

Choosing a TE that enables fat and water signals to be out of phase is beneficial because at certain specific TE values (typically around 3.5 ms at 1.5T for example), fat and water protons will have their signals cancel each other out. This means that while the background tissue (which predominantly contains fat and water) may contribute to unwanted signals in the image, selecting a TE that places these signals out of phase results in a reduced intensity in the final image.

This effectively enhances the contrast between the blood vessels and the surrounding tissues, improving the visualization of vascular structures. By reducing the background signal, the TOF MRA can provide clearer and more diagnostic images, allowing for better assessment of potential vascular pathologies.

On the other hand, options like presaturation or nulling target fat specifically by saturating its signal, whereas being in phase does not help with the suppression of signals from fat and water; instead, it